

“ERIE” Union. 

“A.”—Inserted Copper Seat. 

NEEDS NO PACKING. 

Best for High Pressure Work. 



Brass Globe & Angle Valves. 

Specially manufactured by us with 
Double Seat. Can be packed when 
fully open without escape of steam. 
Either Hard or Jenkin’s Seat. 



STANDARD AND EXTRA HEAVY 


Fittings, Screwed & 
Flanged. 

LARGEST AND HOST COflPLETE STOCK. 


John Simmons Co. 

Offices and (Salesrooms.- 


106,108 and 110 Centre Street. 

. A yN. YT 

NETHERLAND“»AMERICAN HANGERS. 


Wrought Iron Pipe. 
Boiler Tubes.^ 
Brass Tubing. 
Copper Pipe. 

WRITE 



TEADB 

STANDARD WROUGHT 


PIPE 

M AEK. 


Fittings and Supplies 

FOR 

STEAn, WATER, GAS 
& ELECTRICAL 

ENGINEERING. 


FOR CATALOGUE 


MENTIONING THIS CHART. 





















































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INTRODUCTION. 

The author has long been in the habit of using 
charts to aid him in work of other kinds, and when 
he succeeded in devising these charts he felt that 
they would be of value to others as well as to him¬ 
self. It is supposed that those who use the charts 
will have some knowledge of steam heating and that 
the charts will be used only as a means of shorten¬ 
ing and reducing the work necessary to properly 
design and proportion the parts of a low pressure 
steam heating system for dwellings and other small 
buildings. While the author hopes that the charts 
will be of some value to engineers, they are pub¬ 
lished more especially for the use of architects and 
contractors. 

Care has been taken to make the charts as clear 
and as easily understood and, above all, as accurate 
as possible. They have been based upon theoretical 
considerations modified by what is Considered to be 
good practice in this country. 

CHART NO. 1. 

This chart is for determining the number of square 
feet of heating surface of a low pressure steam 
heating system, pressure not to exceed 5 pounds 
per square inch by the gauge, necessary to supply 
the heat lost through the various kinds of wall sur¬ 
faces of rooms. The chart is divided into four 
parts. The lines in the lower left-hand part indicate 
different temperatures of the outside air, from 20 
degrees below zero to 20 degrees above zero; the 
lines in the upper left-hand part indicate various 
kinds of wall surfaces ; the lines in the upper right- 
hand part indicate the direction in which the wall or 
window faces, its exposure; the lines in the lower 
right-hand part indicate the manner of heating, 
whether by direct radiation or indirect radiation. 

On the lower part of the left-hand border is a 
scale for the square feet of cooling wall or glass 
surface; and on the lower part of the right-hand 
border is a scale for the number of square feet of 
heating surface, whether direct or indirect. 

To use the chart, find the point on the left-hand 
scale corresponding to the number of square feet of 
cooling surface and trace from this point towards 
the right, along an imaginary horizontal line, to 
the line indicating the temperature of the outside 
air; theirtrace upward to the line, in the upper left- 
hand part of the chart, indicating the kind of cooling 
surface; then trace towards the right to the line in 
the upper right-hand part of the chart, indicating 
the exposure of the cooling surface; then trace 
downward to the line, in the lower right-hand part 
of the chart, indicating the manner of heating; 
then trace towards the right to the scale of square 
feet of heating surface, and find on it the number of 
square feet of heating surface necessary to supply 
the heat lost by the cooling surface. 

Example. How many square feet of direct 
radiation surface will be required to supply the heat 
lost through 35 square feet of loose window surface 
of a dwelling, when the temperature outside is zero, 
if the window is in the north side of a building in a 
town (building not isolated)? 

Find the point on the left-hand scale correspond¬ 
ing to 35, a dotted line has been drawn so that the 
steps may be followed; then trace out to the line 


marked “0 degrees; ” then trace upward to the line 
marked “ Loose Windpw; ” then trace towards the 
right to the line marked “ N. or W. Exposure, 
Building not Isolated;” then trace downward to 
the line marked “Direct Radiation, Heating Con¬ 
tinuous; ” then trace toward the right to the scale 
marked “ Square Feet of Heating Surface,” and 
find that it takes 22 square feet of direct radiation 
surface. 

In order to find the total amount of heating sur¬ 
face necessary to keep a room warm, find the num¬ 
ber of square feet of heating surface necessary for 
each window and for the different walls; and the 
sum of all these quantities will be the total square 
feet of heating surface required for the room. 

To find the total amount of heating surface re¬ 
quired for a building, add the amounts required for 
the different rooms. 

In using the chart it must be rembered that:— 

1. The temperature inside of the building is sup¬ 
posed to be kept at 70 degrees. 

2. A “ 1 Brick Wall ” means a wall I brick thick ; 
a “2 Brick Wall” means a wall 2 bricks thick; 
etc., etc. 

3. By “ Building not Isolated” is meant a build¬ 
ing somewhat protected from high winds by other 
buildings ; and by “ Building Isolated ” is meant a 
building in the country, or in a very sparsely built 
up town, that is exposed to high winds. 

4. By “Heating Continuous” is meant heating 
such as is- usual in steam heated dwellings; and by 
“ Heating not Continuous ” is meant heating such 
as is usual in churches, meeting-halls, and other 
buildings that are allowed to become cold between 
times of use. 

5. By the exposure of a wall or window is meant 
the direction which it faces. Thus, a window is 
said to have a north exposure when it faces the 
north. \ 

6. When a wall with a north or west exposure is 
protected by a building within a few feet of it, it 
must be considered as having a south or east ex¬ 
posure. 

7. It is necessary to find the number of square 
feet of heating surface required for each window by 
itself , as the cooling effect of two windows each 
having the same number of square feet of glass sur¬ 
face, is greater than the cooling effect of one window 
having twice that number of square feet of glass 
surface. 

8. When an ordinarily tight window is protected 
from winds by the wall or walls of a building within 
a few, 4 or 5, feet of it, it may be considered as 
“Tight Glass.” 

9. When it is necessary to find the heating sur¬ 
face required for more than 300 square feet of wall 
or tight glass surface, imagine the wall to be divided 
into a number of equal parts and find the heating 
surface required for one of these parts; then mul¬ 
tiply this by the number of the parts into which it 
was supposed the wall surface was divided. Thus, 
to find the number of square feet of heating surface 
required for 1,000 square feet of wall surface, find 
the heating surface required for 250 square feet of 
the wall surface and multiply this amount by 4. 

FRAME BUILDINGS. 

It is almost impossible to give any general rules in 


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regard to frame buildings, on account of the very 
great difference in their construction. It is probably 
safe, however, to assume that the cooling effect of 
the wall of a well built frame house, sheathed with 
tongued and grooved sheathing and paper covered, 
is but little greater than that of a tw r o-brick wall; 
and it is probably safe to assume that the cooling 
effect of the wall of a fairly well built frame house 
is about the same as that of a one-brick wall. 

CHART NO. 2. 

This chart is for determining the diameters of the 
supply and return pipes for a heating system. The 
scale on the left-hand border is for the number of 
square feet of heating surface in the direct radiation 
radiators or the indirect radiation heaters, and the 
scale at the bottom of the chart is for the diameters 
of the pipes in inches. 

To use the chart, find on the vertical scale the 
point corresponding to the number of square feet of 
heating surface to be supplied with steam, and trace 
out along an imaginary horizontal line to the line 
indicating the kind of heating surface in the system, 
direct or indirect, and the kind of pipe, return or 
supply; then trace down to the bottom scale and find 
the diameter of the pipe. 

Example. What must be the diameters of the 
supply and return pipes for 1,150 square feet of 
direct radiation surface? 

Find the point on the vertical scale corresponding 
to 1,150 square feet of heating surface, and trace 
towards the right, a dotted line has been drawn to 
illustrate the use of the diagram, to the line marked 
“ Return for Two Pipe System, Direct Radiation ; ” 
then trace down to the bottom scale and find that the 
return pipe must be 2J inches in diameter. To 
find the diameter of the supply pipe, trace out from 
the point representing 1,150 square feet of heating 
surface to the line marked “ Supply for Two Pipe 
System, Direct Radiation; ” then trace down to the 
bottom scale and find that the diameter of the supply 
pipe must be 3| inches. 

Horizontal pipes must always be laid with a fall 
of from 1 inch in 10 feet to 1 inch in 20 feet in the 
direction in which the pipes drain. The fall should 
not be less than 1 inch in 20 feet, and there is no 
necessity for it to be greater than 1 inch in 10 feet. 

CHART NO. 3. 

This chart is for finding the number of square feet 
of boiler heating surface and the number of square 
feet of grate surface for a boiler that is to supply 
steam to a steam heating system. The scale at the 
bottom of the chart is for the square feet of radiator 
heating surface, direct or indirect, that is to be 
supplied with steam; the scale on the left-hand 
border is for the square feet of boiler heating sur¬ 
face ; and the scale on the right-hand border is for 
the square feet of grate surface. To use the chart, 
find the point on the bottom scale that corresponds 
to the number of square feet of heating surface, 
direct or indirect, that is to be supplied with steam, 
and trace upward along an imaginary vertical line to 
the line indicating the kind of radiation surface in 
the system ; then trace to the scale on the left-hand 
border and find the number of square feet of boiler 
heating surface required. On the right-hand scale, 
opposite the number of square feet of boiler heating 


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surface, will be found the number of square feet of 
grate surface that is required. 

Example. How many square feet of boiler heat¬ 
ing surface and grate surface will be required for 
750 square feet of direct radiation surface? 

Find the point on the bottom scale corresponding 
to 750 square feet of heating surface, and trace 
upward, a dotted line has been drawn to illustrate 
the use of the chart, to the line marked “ Direct 
Radiation; ” then trace to the scale on the left-hand 
border and find that about 115 square feet of boiler 
heating surface will be required. Trace across the 
diagram, from the point indicating 115 square feet 
of boiler heating surface, to the scale on the right- 
hand border and find that about 2.8 square feet of 
grate surface will be required. 

If the system contains some indirect heating sur¬ 
face and some direct heating surface, find the boiler 
heating surface and the grate surface required for 
the indirect heating surface and for the direct heating 
surface ; then add the boiler heating surface required 
for the indirect heating surface to that required for 
the direct heating surface, and the sum is the total 
boiler heating surface required for' the system. 
Also, add the grate surface required for the indirect 
heating surface to that required for the direct heat¬ 
ing surface, and the sum is the total grate surface 
required for the system. 

CHART KO. 4. 

This chart is for determining the area of the cross- 
section of a square flue, or the diameter of a round 
flue, leading from an indirect radiation heater to the 
register in a room to be heated. The scale on the 
upper part of the left-hand border is for the square 
feet of indirect heating surface in the indirect 
heater; the horizontal scale is for the area of the 
cross-section of the square flue in square inches; 
and the scale on the lower part of the right-hand 
border is for the diameter of the round flue. 

To use the chart, find the point on the scale on the 
left-hand border corresponding to* the number of 
square feet of surface in the indirect heater, and 
trace out to the line indicating the distance the 
center of the register will be above the center of 
the heater; then trace downward to the horizontal 
scale and find the area of the fine in square inches, 
if the flue is to have a rectangular cross-section; 
but if the flue is to be round, trace down to the 
curved line in the lower part of the chart, and then 
trace to the scale on the right-hand border to find 
the diameter. 

Example. What must be the area of the cross- 
section of a rectangular flue, and the diameter of a 
round flue, for 90 square feet of indirect heating 
surface, if the center of the register is to be 10 feet 
above the indirect heater? 

Find the point on the left-hand scale correspond- 
ponding to 90, and trace outward to the line marked 
“Register 10 Feet Above Heater;” then trace 
downward to the horizontal scale and find the cross- 
section of the square flue to be about\109 square 
inches. To find the diameter of the round flue, 
trace down past the horizontal scale to the curved 
line in the lower part of the chart; then trace to 
the right-hand scale and find the diameter of the flue 
to be about 11 inches. 


0 ) 







































































































































TH 7570 
.K5 

Copy 1 


CHARTS 


FOR 


LOW PRESSURE STEAM HEATING, 

FOR THE USE OF 


Engineers, Architects, Contractors, and Steam Fitters. 


j 




KI NEALY, 


D. E., 


Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.; 
Member American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 

Member American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers; Etc., Etc. 


7570 


.K5 



NEW YORK: 

Spon & Chamberlain, 12 Cortlandt Street. 
LONDON: 

E. & F. N. Spon, 125 Strand. 
1896. 



COPYRIGHT, 1896, 
By J. H. KINEALY. 


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